Deadwood in Forest Ecosystems

摘要: Until recently, deadwood was perceived as a negative element of forest ecosystems, that indicates “mismanagement, negligence, and wastefulness” the applied management (Stachura et al., 2007). It regarded potential source biotic pests, mainly insects (Butler, 2003; Marage & Lemperiere, 2005), to remaining trees in well adjacent stands (Pasierbek The presence also seen threat spread abiotic disturbances, e.g fire (Thomas, 2002; Travaglini In managed stands, represented an obstacle silvicultural activities (Travaglini Chirici, 2006; 2007), reforestation 2002). Considering workers visitors, standing dead have been public safety (Peterken, 1996; Thomas, 2002) had be removed immediately after they occurred For these reasons, sanitary cuttings common forestry not only forests, but protected areas 2007; Stachura Europe, maintenance “hygienic standards” through systematic removal sick, dying, has practice for more than 200 years traditional systems, nearly every piece wood would utilised (Mossmer, 1999; Butler While large usually extracted from forests during stand tending (Radu, small pieces leftovers were often burnt 2006). This intense exploitation led substantial decrease quantities