Agonist-like, replacement pharmacotherapy for stimulant abuse and dependence

摘要: Stimulant abuse and dependence are disproportionately problematic due to the combination of legal social issues added serious behavioural biological features disorders. These problems compounded by adverse consequences for families society. Illegality stigma multiply use difficulties in providing treatment. Specific interventions have been demonstrated as useful treatment substance disorders (SUDs). Medications also an important role Effective agonist antagonist pharmacotherapies well symptomatic treatments exist opioid nicotine dependence. Neither agonists nor antagonists approved uniquely effective stimulant or Still, promising results emerging agonist-like 'replacement' strategy paralleling that Supporting data emerged from both preclinical clinical research environments. There scientific, clinical, social, impediments application approach Some resemble past current concerns about replacement. Others unique agents, effects, features. Here, authors consider (1) pharmacotherapy strategies; (2) research, including methodological approaches, replacement, dependence; (3) reports with medications cocaine dependence, amphetamine replacement (4) agonist-like/replacement strategies, requirements risks; (5) directions research.