Development, structure, and bioengineering of the human corneal stroma: A review of collagen-based implants.

摘要: Abstract Bio-engineering technologies are currently used to produce biomimetic artificial corneas that should present structural, chemical, optical, and biomechanical properties close the native tissue. These mainly supported by corneal stroma which accounts for 90% of thickness is made collagen type I. The stromal fibrils arranged in lamellae have a plywood-like organization. fibril diameter between 25 35 nm interfibrillar space about 57 nm. number central estimated be 300. In anterior part, their size 10–40 μm. They appear larger posterior part with 60–120 μm. Their thicknesses also vary from 0.2 2.5 μm. During development, acellular stroma, features complex pattern organization, serves as scaffold mesenchymal cells invade further cellular stroma. Several pathways including Bmp4, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, retinoic acid, TGF-β, addition EFTFs mastering gene Pax-6, involved development. Besides, acid TGF- β seem crucial role neural crest cell migration can Taking advantage liquid-crystal acid-soluble collagen, it possible transparent stroma-like matrices native-like I where epithelial adhere proliferate. Other approaches include use recombinant cross-linkers, vitrification, plastically compressed or magnetically aligned providing interesting optical mechanical properties. classified according origin, presence telopeptides fibrils, structure, transparency. Collagen feature transparency >80% appropriate 500-μm thickness. Non-collagenous biopolymers gelatin, silk, fish scale been developed but less biomimetic. bioengineered still need colonized fully reproduce