The nuclear monopole Hamiltonian

摘要: The monopole Hamiltonian ${H}_{m}$ is defined as the part of interaction that reproduces average energies configurations. After separating bulk contributions, we propose a minimal form for containing six parameters adjusted to reproduce spectra particle and hole states on doubly magic cores. mechanism shell formation then explained. reliability parametrization checked by showing predicted particle-hole gaps are consistent with experimental data, matrix elements obtained provide phenomenological cure made necessary bad saturation properties realistic $\mathrm{NN}$ interaction. Predictions yet unobserved levels around ${}^{132}\mathrm{Sn},$ ${}^{22}\mathrm{O},$ ${}^{34,42}\mathrm{Si},$ ${}^{68,78}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i},$ ${}^{100}\mathrm{Sn}$ in these nuclei.