作者: Malgorzata Krajnik , Ewa Jassem , Piotr Sobanski
DOI: 10.1097/SPC.0000000000000072
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摘要: Purpose of reviewSystemic opioids have the evidence to support their use in refractory dyspnea; however, mechanisms how they exert effects are not fully understood. The relevance peripheral mechanisms, part, is still questioned, especially as a meta-analysis demonstrated no benefi