Microbial Ecology of the Hive and Pollination Landscape: Bacterial Associates from Floral Nectar, the Alimentary Tract and Stored Food of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

摘要: Nearly all eukaryotes are host to beneficial or benign bacteria in their gut lumen, either vertically inherited, acquired from the environment. While core honey bee becoming evident, influence of hive and pollination environment on microbial health is largely unexplored. Here we compare floral nectar immediate environment, different segments (Apis mellifera) alimentary tract, food stored (honey packed pollen “beebread”). We used cultivation sequencing explore bacterial communities sample types, coupled with culture-independent analysis beebread. our results tract both culture-dependent analyses previous studies. Culturing foregut (crop), midgut hindgut standard media produced many identical highly similar 16S rDNA sequences found clone libraries next generation amplicons. Despite extensive culturing media, do not support crop community hypothesized by recent cultured a wide variety strains 6 7 phylogenetic groups considered hindgut. Our reveal that prevalent beebread also nectar, suggesting frequent horizontal transmission. From uncovered phylotypes, including possible pathogens spoilage organisms, potentially Lactobacillus kunkeei, Acetobacteraceae Actinobacteria. Contributions these colony may include general hygiene, fungal pathogen inhibition preservation. important for understanding contribution pollinator environmentally vectored microbiota, identification factors affect detection transmission, storage disease susceptibility.