Using the NIH Toolbox to Assess Cognition in Adolescents and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

摘要: Despite the clinically significant impact of executive dysfunction on outcomes adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), we lack a clear understanding its prevalence, profile, development. To address this gap, administered NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery to cross-sectional Intelligence Quotient (IQ) case-matched cohort ASD (n = 66) typical development (TD; n ages 12-22. We used general linear model framework examine group differences in task performance their associations age. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was identify subgroups individuals similar cognitive profiles. Compared IQ controls, demonstrated poorer inhibitory control (P < 0.001), flexibility episodic memory (P < 0.02), processing speed (P < 0.001) (components Fluid Cognition), but not vocabulary or word reading Crystallized Cognition). There positive association between age both groups. For (but Crystallized) Cognition, performed more poorly than TD at all ages. A four-group LPA based subtest scores best fit data. Eighty percent belonged two groups that exhibited relatively stronger versus Cognition. Attention deficits were associated scores, lowest proportion autistic participants. Adaptive functioning greatest Autistic persons are especially impaired flexible form thinking remains through adolescence. LAY SUMMARY: set brief tests called (ASD; = 66) 12-22 years. TD, showed inhibiting responses, acting flexibly, memorizing events, information quickly (Fluid Groups did differ (Crystallized increased groups, lower Fluid, Crystallized, categorization including participants most fell into one categories: characterized by poor across tasks, compared for these which consisted mostly ASD, while ADHD symptoms