Alteration of larval development and metamorphosis by nitrate and perchlorate in southern leopard frogs (Rana sphenocephala).

摘要: Amphibians are sensitive to a great variety of agrochemicals. Nitrate compounds commonly applied as fertilizers, whereas perchlorate salts occur by-products the military industry and in some nitrate fertilizers. Both highly soluble can easily diffuse between ground surface water, thus potentially affecting amphibians. reduces embryonic larval survival development, has well-known goitrogenic effect inhibits metamorphosis. We present results an experiment that assessed combined effects these two chemicals on development metamorphosis southern leopard frogs (Rana sphenocephala) larvae. Individual were exposed block design throughout their stages until they metamorphosed. at 100 mg/l increased mortality reduced growth developing tadpoles. Perchlorate 15 was not lethal larvae, but inhibited metamorphosis, resulting high during compared with control animals. At 30 perchlorate, larvae experienced mortality. Together, exhibited additive developmental rate survival. When simultaneously environment, have greater amphibian population than either chemical alone.