Surface water mitigates the anti-metamorphic effects of perchlorate in New Mexico spadefoot toads (Spea multiplicata) and African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis).

摘要: Abstract Spea multiplicata (New Mexico spadefoot toad) larvae were exposed to 60, 110, and 1000 μg L −1 perchlorate dissolved in natural surface water determine risks associated with exposure desert-adapted anurans. Hind- forelimb development tail resorption measured identify effects of exposure. No perchlorate-related on snout-vent length, hindlimb proportion metamorphosed observed the highest treatment group (positive control; ) suggesting that either S. are not sensitive at concentrations tested or unidentified constituents mitigated toxicity. To whether toxicity, Xenopus laevis 20 60 μg L synthetic laboratory prepared (i.e., FETAX media). X. exhibited no anti-metamorphic effects, whereas media experienced changes percent metamorphosing ( p for greater than 1 mg L , potentially due physicochemical properties water. Capsule This manuscript discusses .