Control of the Cutaneous Circulation by the Central Nervous System.

摘要: The central nervous system (CNS), via its control of sympathetic outflow, regulates blood flow to the acral cutaneous beds (containing arteriovenous anastomoses) as part homeostatic thermoregulatory process, febrile response, and cognitive-emotional processes associated with purposeful interactions external environment, including those initiated by salient or threatening events (we go pale fright). Inputs CNS for process include sensory neurons, neurons in preoptic area sensitive temperature internal carotid artery. from exteroceptive sense organs (touch, vision, sound, smell, etc.) are integrated forebrain centers amygdala. Psychoactive drugs have major effects on circulation. Interoceptors, chemoreceptors more than baroreceptors, also influence outflow. A advance has been discovery a lower brainstem center rostral medullary raphe, regulating outflow both brown adipose tissue (BAT) beds. Neurons their descending axonal projections, increase discharge spinal preganglionic controlling vasculature, utilizing glutamate, serotonin neurotransmitters. Present evidence suggests that preoptic, hypothalamic, is channeled raphe. Future studies will no doubt further unravel details neurotransmitter pathways connecting these operative within raphe itself. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1161-1197, 2016.