Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles for bone regeneration therapy

摘要: Abstract Purpose To analyze preclinical bone regeneration studies employing mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)- derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and highlight any commonalities in EV biomarker expression, miRNA cargo(s) or pathway activation that will aid understanding the underlying therapeutic mechanisms. Methods Articles EVs from either MSCs MSC-like osteogenic cells are included this review. Results a variety of MSC types were able to successfully induce formation models. Many failed perform in-depth characterization. The with detailed characterization data report very different cargos, even isolated same species types. Few have analyzed mechanisms MSC-EV action. Conclusion There is critical need for mechanistic thorough determine best source therapies. Issues including controlled delivery, large scale production, proper storage also be addressed before EV-based therapies can translated clinical repair.