Retinoic acid directs neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cell lines in a non-cell-autonomous manner

作者: Peter D. Tonge , Peter W. Andrews

DOI: 10.1016/J.DIFF.2010.04.001

关键词: Cell biologyRetinoic acidBiologyNeurogenesisStem cellEmbryonic stem cellCellular differentiationSOX2P19 cellInduced pluripotent stem cell

摘要: Differentiation of human embryonic stem (ES) cells and embryonal carcinoma (EC) provides an in vitro model to study the process neuronal differentiation. Retinoic acid (RA) is frequently used promote neural differentiation pluripotent under a wide variety culture conditions. Through systematic comparison conditions we demonstrate that RA induced ES EC requires prolonged exposure intercellular communication mediated by high cell density. These parameters are necessary for up-regulation gene expression (SOX2, PAX6 NeuroD1) eventual appearance neurons. Forced over-expression neither SOX2 nor NEUROD1 was sufficient overcome density dependency Furthermore, inhibition GSK3beta activity blocked ability direct along lineage, suggesting role appropriately regulated WNT signalling. data indicate lines not autonomous program but comprises multi-staged input.

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