Wolf depredation on livestock in central Greece

摘要: We studied wolfCanis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 — livestock conflict in central Greece by investigating patterns of 267 verified wolf attacks on for 21 months. Wolves attacked adult goats 43% and cattle 218% more than expected, whereas sheep 41% less expected from their availability. killed four or 79%, one cow calf 74% depredation events, respectively. recorded higher attack rates during post-weaning season. Wolf strayed, kept inside non predator-proof enclosures, goats, were average two to times respectively destructive those when was guarded a shepherd. Sheepdog use reduced losses per attack. Optimal sheepdog number ranged 3 9 animals depending flock size. Losses positively related the wolves involved. Total farm correlated with size unit but percentage capita increased decreasing Management implications mitigate are discussed.