A review of wolf predation in southern Europe: does the wolf prefer wild prey to livestock?

摘要: The recent recovery of the wolf in southern Europe has not yet removed risk local extinction. Wolf populations are fragmented and often comprise fewer than 500 individuals. In North America, northern eastern Europe, wolves feed mainly on wild herbivores. this canid apparently adapted to also fruit, rubbish, livestock, small medium-size mammals. main conservation problem lies with predation domestic ungulates, which leads extensive killing wolves. reintroduction large herbivores been advocated as a means reducing attacks but latter may remain high if ungulates locally abundant. Our synthesis 15 studies, published last years, food habits shown that have diet component overall. A significant inverse correlation was found between occurrence (%) diet. presence relatively few ungulate species necessary reduce livestock. Selection prey influenced by their abundance, accessibility. Feeding dependence rubbish rare. Italy, consumption rubbish/fruit significantly negatively correlated. Diet breadth increased decreased. simultaneous several is likely livestock prove be one most effective measures.