A REVIEW OF THE METHODS FOR MONITORING ROE DEER EUROPEAN POPULATIONS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO ITALY

摘要: Throughout the last century, deer populations have shown a remarkable in- crease both in North America and Europe. As consequence, estimate of roe den- sity has become matter interest. We reviewed available literature on methods used for monitoring Europe from 1950 to 2004, with aim de- tecting trend papers distribution census techniques by years, countries habitat types. Particular attention was paid adopted Italy Tuscany, which is region where more carefully managed. Published showed an increasing trend, as did number their complexity. France, Italy, UK, Spain were richest largest variety applied. Eleven been applied woods - particularly line transects, pellet group counts, CMR IKA only 6 open coun- try, mainly counts. In vantage points are commonly planning culling programs, whilst drive spotlight counts used. Unfortunately, Europe, harvesting programs still too much based hunter knowledge traditions. However man- agement hunting recent tradition make exception this rule. Tuscany should be improved towards less expensive accurate methods.