Sensory circumventricular organs in health and disease

摘要: Circumventricular organs (CVOs) are specialized brain structures located around the third and fourth ventricles. They differ from rest of parenchyma in that they highly vascularised areas lack a blood–brain barrier. These neurohaemal classified as “sensory”, when contain neurons can receive chemical inputs bloodstream. This review focuses on sensory CVOs to describe their unique structure, functional roles maintenance body fluid homeostasis cardiovascular regulation, generation central acute immune febrile responses. In doing so, main neural connections visceral regulatory centres such hypothalamus, medulla oblongata endocrine hypothalamic-pituitary axis, well some relevant substances involved, described. The vulnerable circulating pathogens be portals for entry brain. highlights recent investigations show related involved pathological conditions sepsis, stress, trypanosomiasis, autoimmune encephalitis, systemic amyloidosis prion infections, while detailed information role other neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer’s disease or multiple sclerosis is lacking. It concluded studies may help early diagnosis treatment disorders.