Pediatric Relapsed or Refractory Leukemia: New Pharmacotherapeutic Developments and Future Directions

摘要: Over the past 50 years, numerous advances in treatment have produced dramatic increases cure rates of pediatric leukemias. Despite this progress, majority children with relapsed leukemia are not expected to survive. With current chemotherapy regimens, approximately 15 % acute lymphoblastic and 45 % myeloid will refractory disease or experience a relapse. Advances mirrored successes upfront therapy, newer treatments desperately needed order improve survival these challenging patients. Recent improvements our knowledge cancer biology revealed an extensive number targets that potential be exploited for anticancer therapy. These led development new now being explored leukemia. Novel agents seek exploit same molecular aberrations contribute resistance Newer classes drugs, including monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors epigenetic modifiers transforming patients who cured conventional therapies. As side effects many distinct from those seen chemotherapy, often combination each other combined regimens. This review discusses biological rationale most promising results recent studies conducted