Pain on propofol injection: Causes and remedies

摘要: Pain on propofol injection (POPI) is a minor problem that all anesthetists face every day. Introduction of several new formulations and hundreds clinical trials have failed to find its remedy with just one intervention in patients. This article highlights the causes POPI interventions are used eliminate this pain current practice. Relevant articles from Medline Embase databases were searched included descriptive review following conclusions: (1) due irritation venous adventitia leading release mediators such as kininogen kinin cascade. (2) When two or more drugs measures used, incidence decreases considerably. Hence, approach eliminating should be multimodal. (3) Any regimen includes drug having local anesthetic effect combined central sedative/analgesic rapid into large vein definitely reduce risk negligible levels.