Material stock's overburden: Automatic spatial detection and estimation of domestic extraction and hidden material flows

摘要: Abstract Anthropogenic material stocks are expanding at ever-increasing rates across the world, and their environmental economic impacts draw more attention from academia, policy makers, bodies. As knowledge base regarding anthropogenic expands, it is important to not only comprehend societal side of stock growth but also its counterpart balance—the natural environment which materials used for come from. However, due difficulties data procurement, muted interest in considered low-value high volume, burdens related construction minerals have received less so far despite huge amounts involved. In this study, we employ geographic information systems (GIS) with digital elevation model (DEM) datasets, form an automated method detection measurement disturbance soil earth excavation mining sites, accounts extracted usage anthroposphere, unused extraction. This geographically explicit allows directly pinpoint location volume disturbance. Using Japan as a case results suggest that ratio extraction may exceed 1:1 Japan. We find effects activity bigger than by several orders magnitude, highlighting need reduce raw increase efficient use existing stock.