TAL effectors: finding plant genes for disease and defense.

摘要: Transcription activator like effectors (TALEs) are injected via the type III secretion pathway of many plant pathogenic Xanthomonas spp. into cells where they contribute to disease or trigger resistance by binding DNA and turning on TALE-specific host genes. Advances in our understanding TALEs their targets have yielded new models for pathogen recognition defense. Similarly, we gained insight molecules processes that can be co-opted promote infection. Recent elucidation basis specificity expedites further discovery opens door biotechnological applications. This article reviews most significant findings TALE research, with a focus recent advances, discusses future prospects including pressing questions yet answered.