Water conservation awareness and practices in households receiving improved water supply: A gender-based analysis

摘要: Abstract Adoption of water conservation practices (WCPs) is essential to save water. However, the factors that affect changes in behaviour related consumption remain unclear, particularly those gender differences and women's views towards WCPs. These often result ineffective public policies. In this study, we analysed effects consciousness, perceptions individual control WCPs, as well influence (i.e. male female) on residents' WCPs via a detailed survey 622 residents (female: 318, male: 304) rural northern China. Data were using one-way ANOVA structural equation model. The respondents had high degree awareness but reported low participation among users. Female users consumed twice much adopted more than Saving bill was main incentive for female practise whereas alleviate supply shortage. Daily routine additional time physical efforts barriers addition, highly affected by attitude conservation, users, expected results social norms. significant disparities emphasise need ensure information transparency communication across gender, authorities policies community programs fix gaps enhance adoption public.