Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of Pleistocene mammoth Mammuthus primigenius
作者： Evgeny I Rogaev , Yuri K Moliaka , Boris A Malyarchuk , Fyodor A Kondrashov , Miroslava V Derenko
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PBIO.0040073
关键词: Paleogenetics 、 Biology 、 Elephas 、 Woolly mammoth 、 Ancient DNA 、 Genetics 、 Mitochondrial DNA 、 Population 、 Phylogenetic tree 、 Evolutionary biology 、 Lineage (evolution)
摘要: Phylogenetic relationships between the extinct woolly mammoth(Mammuthus primigenius), and Asian(Elephas maximus) African savanna(Loxodonta africana) elephants remain unresolved. Here, we report sequence of complete mitochondrial genome (16,842 base pairs) a mammoth extracted from permafrost-preserved remains Pleistocene epoch—the oldest determined to date. We demonstrate that well-preserved fragments, as long ~1,600–1700 pairs, can be retrieved pre-Holocene an species. reconstruction Elephantinae clade suggests thatM. primigenius andE. maximus are sister species diverged soon after their common ancestor split theL. africana lineage. Low nucleotide diversity found independently genomic sequences mammoths separated geographically in time north-eastern Siberia was occupied by relatively homogeneous population ofM. throughout late Pleistocene.
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