Overview of scorpion toxins specific for Na+ channels and related peptides: biodiversity, structure–function relationships and evolution

摘要: Scorpion venoms contain a large number of bioactive components. Several the long-chain peptides were shown to be responsible for neurotoxic effects, due their ability recognize Na+ channels and cause impairment channel functions. Here, we revisited basic paradigms in study these light recent data concerning structure–function relationships, functional divergence extant biodiversity. The reviewed topics include: criteria classification according function, revision state-of-the-art knowledge surface areas contact with known channels. Additionally, compiled comprehensive list encompassing 191 different amino acid sequences from purified scorpion venoms. With this dataset, phylogenetic tree was constructed discussed taking into consideration documented divergence. A critical view on problems associated is presented, drawing special attention points that need subjects under intensive research at moment, regarding toxins specific other related recently described.