作者: Ana de la Torre , Irene Iglesias , Matilde Carballo , Pablo Ramírez , María Jesús Muñoz
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2011.10.032
关键词: European union 、 Environmental science 、 Contamination 、 Environmental exposure 、 Risk analysis 、 Antibiotic resistance 、 Manure 、 Vulnerability 、 Environmental health 、 Environmental protection 、 Soil contamination
摘要: Release of antibiotics into the environment through agricultural reuse animal manure is considered a cause chronic environmental exposure that often leads to adverse ecotoxicological effects, as well introduction antibiotic-resistant bacteria environment. The vulnerability soil antibiotic contamination plays major role in determining extent and likelihood emergence resistance appearance effects. It depends on characteristics, which vary across Europe, drug classes. Understanding how varies geographically for different veterinary medicinal products would be very useful resource allocation among surveillance programmes. This paper performs risk analysis EU region 12 antimicrobials using spatial assessment performed four steps. First, release was estimated based livestock density. Then antimicrobial contamination. Third, consequences were modelled uses. Finally, by combining release, multicriteria decision analysis. A final value calculated each studied displayed chloropletic maps (ArcGIS 9.3). Furthermore, Getis-Ord Gi statistic used identify clusters areas at high Enrofloxacin highest-risk European Union, followed tetracyclines, tylosin sulfodiazine. highest values found Belgium, Ireland, Netherlands, Switzerland, Denmark, Germany UK. results suggest this methodology can successfully evaluating potential over large with limited input data. work preliminary step towards prioritising use (VMPs), orientating monitoring studies programmes, informing sustainable decision-making interventions designed mitigate VMPs.