Black coats in an admixed wolf × dog pack is melanism an indicator of hybridization in wolves?

摘要: The use of functional mutations, in addition to standard noncoding molecular markers, can help detect hybridization and gene introgression wild canid populations. We analyzed ancestry a pack breeding Central Italy that showed black coats other unusual morphological traits suggesting wolf × dog hybrid origins. Individuals were identified by genotyping excremental DNA at 13 autosomal microsatellites, mtDNA control region sequences, male-specific restriction site on the ZFX/Y determine gender individuals, four Y-linked microsatellites male haplotypes, two melanistic mutations: SNP exon 4 Agouti locus 3-bp deletion β-Defensin gene, K locus. Results that: (1) was founded single pair related probably brother sister, no immigrant detected; (2) parents offspring signals admixture microsatellites; (3) present black-coated female parent 8/14 offspring, but it absent type parent. This found also 17/40 village dogs randomly sampled from nearby areas, random sample 40 Italian wolves. These findings suggest received dogs. Admixture analyses empirical simulated genotypes indicate originated through event least generations back. Genetic phenotypic assessments coat color mutations contribute investigation origin dynamics polymorphisms hybridizing populations develop appropriate guidelines contrast with their domesticated relatives.