Diagnosis of Influenza Viruses

摘要: Accurate and rapid diagnosis of the influenza virus infection can greatly help in its prevention control. The success confirmatory laboratory is to a great extent dependent on choice quality specimens, their transport storage conditions prior processing laboratory. Samples such as tracheal cloacal swabs, faeces, tissue samples including trachea, lungs, serum, etc., (both avian mammalian species) should be submitted. isolation carried out embryonated chicken eggs via amniotic cavity or allantoic route, primary cell culture embryo fibroblast Madin Darby Canine Kidney, embryonic swine kidney, kidney testicle lung epithelial lines, lines human respiratory cells, followed by Haemagglutination Assay, Haemagglutination-Inhibition test plaque assays for confirming growth egg culture, respectively. viral antigen demonstrated employing indirect immunofluorescence, AGID, Immunoperoxidase test, various ELISAs, Haemagglutination-Inhibition/Neuraminidase-Inhibition, RT-PCR PCR-ELISA. Haemagglutination-Inhibition, ELISA Single Radial Haemolysis are used measuring antibody titre. Various nucleic acid-based detection methods include RT-PCR, RRT-PCR, real-time multiplex-microsphere-quantitative PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, situ hybridisation, DNA micro-array, acid sequence based sequencing heteroduplex mobility assay. PCR-ELISA also subtyping viruses. techniques exotic pandemic viruses only done referral biosecurity level 3 (BSL-3) laboratories, having appropriate disease containment facilities, trained skilled personnel.