Confounding factors in toxicity testing

摘要: The necessity for understanding normal human functions and the mechanisms which underlie dysfunction in these processes is essential promotion of a healthier lifestyle. To achieve this goal utilization suitable animal model necessary order to develop new pharmaceutical agents alleviate diseases or chemicals enhance quality life. It incumbent upon investigators choose species pharmacokinetic principles are established it important that phenomena resemble those humans. choice rats has specific advantages rodents possess similar pharmacodynamic parameters Other include availability, low cost, ease breeding, an extensive literature data-base enable comparisons present findings. However, interpretation data from animals humans, there factors need be recognized as playing roles chemical-induced outcomes. confounding strain, supplier, age, gender, hormonal status dietary intake. aim article demonstrate differences responsiveness rat stock/strains lack consideration yields inappropriate conclusions regarding risk assessment