Clinical Development of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

摘要: Recent progress in cancer immunotherapy has been remarkable. Most striking are the clinical development and approval of immunomodulators, also known as immune checkpoint inhibitors. These monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed to molecules, which expressed on cells mediate signals attenuate excessive reactions. Although mAbs targeting tumor associated antigens, such anti-CD20 mAb anti-Her2 mAb, directly recognize induce cell death, inhibitors restore augment antitumor activities cytotoxic T by blocking molecules or their ligands antigen presenting cells. Based preclinical data, many trials have demonstrated acceptable safety profiles efficacies a variety cancers. The first class approved inhibitor is ipilimumab, an anti-CTLA-4 (cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4) mAb. Two pivotal phase III randomized controlled survival benefit patients with metastatic melanoma. In 2011, US Food Drug Administration (FDA) ipilimumab for Several since investigated new agents, alone combination, various this review, we discuss current status future challenges utilizing