The Dichotomy of Tumor Exosomes (TEX) in Cancer Immunity: Is It All in the ConTEXt?

摘要: Exosomes are virus-sized nanoparticles (30–130 nm) formed intracellularly as intravesicular bodies/intralumenal vesicles within maturing endosomes (“multivesicular bodies”, MVBs). If MVBs fuse with the cell’s plasma membrane, interior may be released extracellularly, and termed “exosomes”. The protein cargo of exosomes consists cytosolic, extracellular proteins, along membrane-derived lipids, an extraordinary variety nucleic acids. As such, reflect status identity parent cell, considered tiny cellular surrogates. Because this closely entwined relationship between exosome content source/status parental conceivably could used vaccines against various pathologies, they contain antigens associated a given disease, e.g., cancer. Tumor-derived (TEX) have been shown to potent anticancer in animal models, driving antigen-specific T B cell responses, but much recent literature concerning TEX strongly places powerfully immunosuppressive. This dichotomy suggests that context which immune system encounters is critical determining stimulation versus immunosuppression. Here, we review on both sides coin, suggest it time revisit concept clinical settings.