Vitamin D intake of Dutch infants from the combination of (fortified) foods, infant formula, and dietary supplements

摘要: Due to changes in the Dutch fortification policy for vitamin D and supplementation advice infants (10-μg/d 0–4 year olds), a partially virtual scenario study was conducted evaluate risk of excessive intake assigning all 100 % adherence considering current practice. Food consumption data from Nutrition Intake Study (2002; N = 941, 7–19 months) were combined with food composition 2011 estimate (fortified) foods. For 0–6 months age, volume infant formula estimated energy requirement body weight. All subjects assigned take daily 10 µg supplement, according infants. Habitual using Statistical Program Assess Dietary Exposure compared tolerable upper levels (ULs) set by European Safety Authority. The median habitual total 16–22 µg/day aged (increasing age) 13–21 µg/day 7–19 months (decreasing age). About 4–12 % 7–11 months exceeded UL. At 99th percentile, 2–4 µg above UL, depending on age. Infants 0–6 12–19 months did not exceed In case formula, foods, supplements, intakes UL are possible among some during limited time period.