Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: modification of angiographic classification scales based on new natural history data.

摘要: This article presents a modification to the existing classification scales of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas based on newly published research regarding relationship clinical symptoms and outcome. The 2 commonly used scales, Borden-Shucart Cognard rely entirely angiographic features for categorization. most critical anatomical feature is identification cortical venous drainage (CVD; Types II III IIb, IIa + b, III, IV, V), as this identifies lesions at high risk future hemorrhage or ischemic neurological injury. Yet recent data has emerged indicating that within these high-risk groups, injury in subgroup presenting with intracerebral nonhemorrhagic deficits. authors have defined symptomatic CVD. Patients who present incidentally pulsatile tinnitus ophthalmological phenomena less aggressive course. asymptomatic Based annual rate 7.4-7.6% patients CVD compared 1.4-1.5% those addition modifiers systems improves their accuracy stratification high-grade fistulas.