Epidemiology of upper gastrointestinal malignancies

摘要: The demographics of esophageal and gastric cancer have been changing dramatically in the United States over past several decades. While incidence rates for squamous cell carcinoma distal declining, trends adenocarcinoma esophagus proximal stomach rising rapidly, particularly among white males. these upper gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies varies widely based on geographic location, race, socioeconomic status. primary causes are tobacco use alcohol consumption, whereas main risk factors gastroesophageal reflux disease obesity. Dietary Helicobacter pylori infection play an important role development cancer. Understanding epidemiology etiologies carcinomas will lead to interventions screening prevention high-risk populations.