Magma storage, eruptive activity and flank instability: Inferences from ground deformation and gravity changes during the 1993―2000 recharging of Mt. Etna volcano

摘要: Abstract A long recharging period characterized Mount Etna volcano during 1993–2000 before the main explosive–effusive 2001 and 2002–2003 flank eruptions. The joint analysis of ground deformation gravity data over recharge reveals that different phenomena occurred within Etna's plumbing system clearly indicates two phases spanning 1993–1997 1997–2000, respectively. first phase was by magma storage accumulation at an intermediate depth (2–6 km below sea level), which provoked overall inflation positive changes. During second phase, started to rise intrude shallower levels favoring movement unstable eastern flank, accelerated its sliding toward East. also caused gas exsolution, associated with increasing explosive activity summit craters. Negative changes were detected this phase. measurements, independent same result obtained geochemical studies, suggest only 20–30% volumes supplied in then erupted. complex dynamics rising beneath makes measurements complementary, being able detect effects emplacements surface. Our results highlight how use observations may be crucial identifying nature rate impending volcanic