Environmental properties and effects of nonionic surfactant adjuvants in pesticides: a review.

摘要: Little is known about the environmental fate of adjuvants after application on agricultural land. Adjuvants constitute a broad range substances, which solvents and surfactants are major types. Nonionic such as alcohol ethoxylates (AEOs) alkylamine (ANEOs) typically examples pesticide adjuvants. In view their chemical structure this paper outlines present knowledge occurrence, effect aquatic terrestrial environment two adjuvants: AEOs ANEOs. Both ANEOs used technical mixtures. This implies that they not one single compound but whole compounds in different ratios. Structurally both groups substances have mutual core with side chains varying lengths. Each these besides having overall ability to distribute between phases also possesses some behaviour. reflected parameters describing e.g. distribution coefficient, leaching, run-off, adsorption soil, degradation effects substances. The behaviour contrast particularly variable matrix dependent due ionise at environmentally relevant pH. Probably because exceeds high soil easily degradable low concentrations generally found monitoring studies. possess potency organisms. problem related enhance mobility other pollutants column.