Wolf Canis lupus numbers, diet and damage to livestock in relation to hunting and ungulate abundance in northeastern Belarus during 1990–2000

摘要: Wolf Canis lupus relationships with wild ungulates, domestic animals and humans were studied in an area of ca 800 km2 at the head Lovat River northeastern Belarus during 1990–2000. The region was dominated by natural habitats (78%) consisting mainly forests bogs, but also lakes rivers. abundance such as moose Alces alces, boar Sus scrofa, roe deer Capreolus capreolus, censused snow tracking assessed game wardens, declined 5 to 6-fold between 1990 1996, most probably due uncontrolled exploitation poaching. During 1997–2000, numbers ungulates began recover. Wolves responded shortage a strong shift feeding habits. When numerous, wolf diet scat analysis composed (80–88% consumed biomass), small additions medium- small-sized (7–13%), beaver Castor fiber hare Lepus sp., (4–6%), mai...