Commentary Mutations in normal breast tissue and breast tumours

摘要: The accumulation of mutations is a feature all normal cells. probability any individual gene in cell acquiring mutation is, however, low. Cancer therefore rare disease comparison with the number susceptible Mutations tissue are stochastic, vary widely among cells and difficult to detect using standard methods because each change so rare. If, such as breast undergoes considerable clonal expansion, particularly if relatively late life, may have accumulated many thousands detectable mutations. Since cancers almost certainly undergone more divisions than cells, tumour millions mutations, most which entirely innocent some origin prior tumorigenesis. Despite claims contrary, even at rates, expansion within quite sufficient account for five or six genes that generally supposed necessary carcinogenesis occur. Hypermutability does, contribute pathogenesis and, although evidence indirect cancer, take forms karyotypic instability via centrosome amplification.