Detection of chill injuries in the pupae of the onion maggot, Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

摘要: To clarify tissues susceptible to chill injuries in the pupae of onion maggot, Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), 5 d old non-diapausing (ND5) were subjected a non-freezing temperature −20°C, with or without prior acclimation at 5°C. Cold for 8 longer substantially decreased mortality after exposure −20°C d. Analysis morphology dead suggested that they died two discrete developmental stages: formation adult (type 1), and stage indistinguishable from ND5 appearance 2). The types death differentially induced by changing period treatment. A majority exhibited type 1 2 treatment, whereas was predominant 12 Regarding death, pharate adults appeared have because failed emerge puparial case. Possibly, neuromuscular system impaired short term chilling −20°C. On other hand, Malpighian tubules seriously damaged long this is thought be cause death.