Howling at two Minnesota wolf pack summer homesites

摘要: Howling sessions were monitored at two Minnesota wolf pack homesites for 2255 h between 29 April and 3 August 1973. All recorded occurred from dusk through early morning, with an evening peak one pack. Within a night, multiple grouped temporally, most occurring within hour of another. rates both packs increased throughout the homesite season, larger howling twice as frequently. The role in intrapack interpack contexts was considered. Much seemed to be involved coordination activities. Further, low frequency clumped temporal distribution suggest that plays secondary other modes such scent marking during but may increase relative importance once are abandoned travel becomes nomadic.