Group specific vocal signature in free-ranging wolf packs

摘要: Acoustic communication conveys a variety of information that is helpful tool for animal conservation. The wolf an elusive species, which can be detected through the howls individuals emit. In this study we investigated acoustic features wild pack from five locations in province Arezzo, Italy. We tested hypothesis each group had distinctive vocal signature. Our results showed these packs emitted with significantly structures. hypothesized group-specific signatures require temporal stability to functional. Indeed, did not find any statistical differences collected same location during season or 2 consecutive years. suggest used distinguish wild.