Deforestation-induced reduction in rainfall

摘要: Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Borneo is the third largest island in world and famous for its majestic rainforests (Figure 1a). Southeast Asian tropical forests have highest relative deforestation rate (Canadell et al., 2007). More than 80% of total land area was covered with pristine forest 1950s; however, high (1.7%year ), which almost double that already intense whole region, has resulted current estimation cover being ~50% (Langner 2007) 1b). Since 1965, production hardwood timber sharply increased reached a plateau maximum early 1980s (Brookfield Byron, 1990). Although recent rapid decline been evident throughout owing to over-logging, over past decades, more exported from Africa Latin America combined (Curran 2004). The categorized as ‘degraded regrowth’, ‘cultivation mosaic’ ‘dry/wet bare soil; grasslands; agriculture’ up 33 million ha, ~45% Tropical are major source global hydrologic fluxes, thus, this change potential significantly alter regional climate cycling (Nobre 1991;Kanae 2001; Avissar andWerth, 2005). Because exist where ecosystem water resources greatest, changes could ecological patterns processes (Malhi 2009; Phillips Kumagai Porporato, 2012), turn affecting feedback atmosphere (Meir 2006; Bonan, 2008). It matter course drastic degradation should be anticipated impact hydro-climate; fact, long-term daily grid precipitation datasets (APHRODITE’s Water Resources, available via http://www.chikyu.ac.jp/precip/, Yatagai 2012) showed significant period 1951–2007 1c). An abrupt late can seen 1c), consistent time when deforestation, i.e. logging production, might become intensive 1990; Curran Furthermore, it noted such decreasing trend precipitationmight cause frequent extreme droughts subsequent fires, resulting severe (van Nieuwstadt Sheil, 2005; Wooster 2012). A spatial distribution atmospheric moisture convergence averaged 1998–2010 eastern Pacific Ocean (built using reanalyzed gridded four-dimensional meteorology dataset, Japanese 25-year ReAnalysis JapanMeteorologicalAgencyClimateDataAssimilation System http://jra.kishou.go.jp/JRA-25/index_en.html) suggests less divergence compared other regions 2a). On hand, Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite measurements 1998 2010 (NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data Information Services Center, http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/ about-us) larger amount above islands maritime continent western sea areas,