A New Miniature Characid (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae), with Phylogenetic Position Inferred from Morphological and Molecular Data

摘要: Erythrocharax altipinnis is described from the Serra do Cachimbo, Para, Brazil. The new taxon distinguished all of Characidae genera by having pelvic bones firmly attached through isquiatic processes; a nearly triangular hiatus in musculature covering anterior chamber swim bladder between first and second pleural ribs (pseudotympanum); pedunculate, notably expanded distally compressed teeth both jaws; circumorbital series represented antorbital four infraorbital with laterosensory canals not enclosed; single tooth row premaxillary perfectly aligned similar shape cusp number; three branched dorsal-fin rays distinctly elongate males; bright red adipose caudal fins life; conspicuous dark midlateral stripe extending opercle to tip median caudal-fin rays; absence humeral spot. phylogenetic position discussed using morphological molecular datasets, conflicting results approaches discussed. Additionally, summarized discussion on current problems taxonomy presented principal biases dataset are also