Is smokeless tobacco use an appropriate public health strategy for reducing societal harm from cigarette smoking

摘要: Four arguments have been used to support smokeless tobacco (ST) for harm reduction: (1) Switching from cigarettes ST would reduce health risks; (2) is effective smoking cessation; (3) an nicotine maintenance product; and (4) not a “gateway” cigarette smoking. There little evidence the first three most suggests that gateway are ethical challenges promoting use. Based on precautionary principle, burden of proof proponents provide their position; such lacking.