Respiratory Gas Analysis in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

摘要: Traditionally, the clinical severity of chronic heart failure has been assessed by symptoms and was graded according to criteria New York Heart Association (NYHA). These are their nature subjective with a low reproducibility [16]. In order detect any change in functional state patients failure, e.g. improvement over time specific treatment, it appears crucial apply an objective, reproducible, sensitive method. Except for advanced, severe occur physical activity only. Therefore, exercise testing determination variables unaffected patient motivation supervising physician, should be useful assessment capacity (Table 1). It is important recognize that LV-function, although major prognostic value, correlates poorly classes [2, 12, 14, 18, 34]. Thus, among similar degrees LV-dysfunction, may vary considerably normal almost preserved despite substantial LV-dysfunction. Two identical cardiac lesions will have different during if peripheral circulation one adapts better than other. occurs when does not adequately adjust inadequate output keep pace metabolic requirements exercising muscle. primary defect due myocardial solely dependent on behavior heart. Similarly, hemodynamics do relate closely failure; addition, remains invasive procedure which cannot repeated unlimitedly.