Comparisons between buoy‐observed, satellite‐derived, and modeled surface shortwave flux over the subtropical North Atlantic during the Subduction Experiment

摘要: Two years of surface shortwave flux data, from five buoys in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean during Subduction Experiment, were used to examine absorption atmosphere, and its partitioning between clear cloudy sky. Robust methods isolate clear-sky observations so that they could be directly compared values derived using a single-column version National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model radiation code. The model-derived agreed with within 0.5% mean relative error. Additional analysis showed model-data differences no systematic relationship respect column water vapor amount. These results indicate appears well modeled by current theory. Model-derived combined observed (all-sky) determine cloud forcing. these series 5-year Earth Radiation Budget Experiment top atmosphere (TOA) forcing estimate TOA ratio. resulting range 1.25 1.59. values, along agreement shortwave, support suggestion our theoretical radiative transfer models do not properly account amount energy absorbed atmosphere. Mean 2-year time two climatologies bulk parameterizations utilize ship-based reports. comparisons show Oberhuber climatology underestimates ∼20% (∼40 W m -2 ), while Esbensen Kushnir ∼4% (∼8 ). also satellite-derived climatologies. much better more consistent agreement, bias errors ranging about -1 6%. Comparisons contemporaneous, daily-average satellite relatively good as well, biases order 2% (∼3-9 ) root-mean-square ∼10% (25-30 Aspects role aerosols play above are discussed implications on integrity open-ocean buoy measurements possibility techniques developed this study remotely monitor operating condition buoy-based radiometers.