Matrix metalloproteinases in keratoconus – Too much of a good thing?

摘要: Abstract Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive, early onset, and often bilateral eye condition, in which the cornea gradually weakens bulges out, advanced cases may eventually become cone-shaped. The available evidence suggests that it multifactorial disease with environmental genetic contributions. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are family of 24 zinc-dependent proteases ability to degrade collagen other extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, important components cornea. During past two decades growing body literature has accumulated suggesting link between MMPs keratoconus. This article aims summarize current knowledge on role pathogenesis KC. MMP-driven ECM remodelling thought be necessary step for healing, but fine balance expression essential maintaining integrity transparency its correct an imbalance this tightly regulated process may, long term, result progressive weakening There extensive upregulated corneal tissue tears KC patients, implicating dysregulated proteolysis KC, increase level some MMPs, particularly MMP-1 MMP-9, confirmed multiple independent studies. also causative inflammation, could from mechanical trauma due contact lens wearing or/and rubbing, increased production observed However, precise each MMP still unclear mechanisms causing their upregulation mostly undiscovered. Further studies required verify functional specific development assess association common variants risk As inhibitors development, information potentially drive discovery new treatments