Effects of oral and vaginal administration of levonorgestrel emergency contraception on markers of endometrial receptivity

摘要: BACKGROUND The standard regimen of the levonorgestrel-only pill (1.5 mg either in a single dose or 0.75 twice 12 h apart) administered orally for emergency contraception (EC) has been shown to have no effect on endometrial development and markers receptivity. We aimed explore whether repeated oral vaginal administration levonorgestrel affect endometrium thus potentially increase EC efficacy compared with regimen. METHODS Endometrial biopsies were taken from non-smoking healthy women proven fertility cycle days LH + 6 8 control treatment cycles (each woman serving as her own control). Levonorgestrel was (0.75 x 4 at 24 intervals 1 4; n = 8) vaginally (a 1.5 2; 7). Immunohistochemistry real-time RT-PCR performed compare levels protein mRNA sex steroid receptors interleukin-1beta leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) vascular endothelial growth cyclooxygenase-2 tumour necrosis factor-alpha integrin alpha(v)beta(3) mucin cells. RESULTS Following immunoreactivity both progesterone receptor (PR)-A PR-B declined glandular epithelium (P 0.03 P 0.02 respectively) whereas stromal expression LIF increased < 0.001 respectively). However did not cause any significant changes. CONCLUSIONS two regimens caused only minor alterations New agents targeting should be explored order efficacy.