Biomarkers of gastrointestinal functionality in animal nutrition and health

摘要: Abstract Effective gastrointestinal functionality is crucial in determining animal health, welfare and performance. A new definition of has been recently presented it identified the key components that contribute to effective health. These are: diet, structure function barrier, host interaction with microbiota, digestion absorption feed, immune status, neuroendocrine gut. Each these are linked each other by several complex mechanisms pathways, however, having some offers opportunity evaluate potential biomarkers can allow us measure system farm animals. Numerous rapidly evolving methodologies producing an ever-increasing number types biomarkers, their own distinct advantages disadvantages. Moreover, differences models make difficult extrapolate finding across species meaningful comparisons, even when studies seem quite similar. This review will highlight intrinsic challenges choosing what biomarker measure, where it. Because complexity interactions between functionality, we propose use a single might not be feasible, rather development panel needs indicative only health tract, but also performance, welfare.