Epidemiology of human African trypanosomiasis

摘要: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness, is caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, which a chronic form of the disease present in western and central Africa, rhodesiense, an acute located eastern southern Africa. The rhodesiense zoonosis, with occasional infection humans, but gambiense form, human being regarded as main reservoir that plays key role transmission cycle disease. currently assumes 98% cases are declared; Democratic Republic Congo most affected country, more than 75% declared. epidemiology mediated interaction parasite (trypanosome) vectors (tsetse flies), well animal hosts within particular environment. Related to these interactions, confined spatially limited areas called “foci”, Sub-Saharan mainly remote rural areas. risk contracting HAT is, therefore, determined possibility contact infected tsetse fly. Epidemics were described at beginning 20th century; intensive activities have been set up confront disease, it was under control 1960s, fewer 5,000 reported whole continent. resurged end 1990s, renewed efforts from endemic countries, cooperation agencies, nongovernmental organizations led World Health Organization succeeded raise awareness resources, while reinforcing national programs, reversing trend reported, bringing again. In this context, sustainable elimination HAT, defined interruption considered feasible target for 2030. Since where role, disease’s not deemed feasible.