Nationalism and the cultivation of culture

摘要: On the basis of an extensive sample European source material, article investigates meaning and importance 'culture' in cultural nationalism. The author argues that nationalism nineteenth century followed a separate dynamic chronology from political Cultural involved intense cross-border traffic ideas intellectual initiatives, its participating actors often operated extraterritorially multi-national networks. This means needs to be studied on supranational comparative rather than country-by-country, concentrating exchange transfer activities. A working model is proposed which may serve bring these activities into focus. In following pages, I want present what consider useful program- matic approach study nineteenth-century nationalism, aiming focus culturally oriented initiatives concerns nationalist movements. topic has hitherto been dealt with piece- meal (in context nationally framed studies) or marginally (as adjunct socio-politically analyses). propose different, transnationally historical perspective, by briefly discussing five tenets. These are: 1. All nationalism; 2. for history; 3. requires cross-national approach; 4. Nationalism begins as 'cultivation culture'; 5. culture' can mapped specific array concerns. taken here specifically European. obervations pages claim little no applicability nation-building processes Americas, Asia Africa; it develops Europe long century. To compound development, hugely complex itself, other phenomena including anticolonial movements modernisation elsewhere world would add unworkable overload variables. Even so, framework presented already enormously broad scope: account trends patterns embrace Catalonia Finland, France Estonia,