Blinking and essential blepharospasm

摘要: Abstract Blepharospasm consists of a series repeated involuntary contractions the orbicularis oculi and may occur alone, with other dystonias, or as symptom an underlying disorder. This paper describes clinical picture blepharospasm, then theories aetiology approaches to treatment are discussed. Four illustrative case histories presented. Present evidence supports organic cause. Treatment is difficult, but recent developments allow rational approach.